The Economic Stimulus Act Of 2008 - 2374 Words

Phase One Introduction The Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 was intentionally supposed to re-energize the economy from a recession that occurred from 2001-2004. This paper will dive in further to explain the economic policies core provisions and the market failure it was intended to correct. 2008 Recession At the end of the recession from 2001-2004, a period that no economic growth, the Federal Reserve recommend that interest rates stay as low as possible. The idea behind this thought was that lower interest rates would attract people to investment in housing, business loans and other areas of economic growth. The idea worked, as more and more potential homeowners entered the market, brought in by the perception that they could afford to pay monthly mortgage rates. However, in 2004, the price of oil started to rise, and the Fed responded by gradually increasing interest rates (Beese, 2008). Home owners were caught off guard by the change in interest rates. Many people were already in debt from the previous recession by taking out home equity loans to keep them afloat. Many of which had now taken out subprime loans (which are loans offered to people with poor credit) from eager lenders and backed by the government. Financial institutions did little stop subprime lending, the popularity of these types of loans kept growing, and lending companies took quantity of loans over quality which added to the so called â€Å"housing bubble† (Burry, 2010). Financial institutions didn’tShow MoreRelatedImpact Of The Sub Prime Crisis1687 Words   |  7 Pagesof US housings and non-profit organizations fell, rise in the national debt percentage, decline in manufacturing and trade. †¢ The Real gross domestic product (GDP) began shrinking in the third quarter of 2008 and did not return to growth until Q1 2010. †¢ The unemployment rate rose from 5% in 2008 pre-crisis to 10% by late 2009, then steadily declined to 7.6% by March 2013 †¢ Residential private investment (mainly housing) fell from its 2006 pre-crisis peak of $800 billion, to $400 billion by mid-2009Read MoreEssay on Reagan’s Economic Policy1121 Words   |  5 Pagesdisaster. Perhaps the most significant event was the economic downturn. He came to office (much like President Obama) in the midst of an economic crisis; however, President Reagan was able to turn the economy around. How did he do this? In order to answer this question, you must first ask what the economy was like when he was sworn into office, how his policy changed from the prior administration’s policy, and how it contrasts our present economic policy. Prior to Reagan’s inauguration the countryRead MoreWhat Is The Three Fiscal Stimulus?800 Words   |  4 Pagesstimuli. The German Chancellor, Angela Merkel, pushed for a â‚ ¬23 billion over a four year stimulus in October 2008. This was agreed to in November 2008.The stimulus represented 2% of German GDP and included a variety of measures to boost demand. One of these measures was tax reduction on new cars in return for scrapping the old ones, loans to small and medium enterprises and various public works. This stimulus was faced with much criticism as there was concern that the amount offered was not sufficientRead MoreThe Great Recession Lasted From December Of 2007 Until1229 Words   |  5 PagesSchorfheide, 2014, para. 1); this was the only metric that wasn’t drastically impaired due to the recession. The last metric, interest rates, was cut to a range of between zero and .25 percent in order to attempt to stimulate the economy (Isidore, 2008, para. 1). With l ower interest rates, consumers can borrow and spend more rather than saving money, and this puts money back into the economy. Seeing that the recession took a toll on the economy, the biggest concern for many is seeing how the economyRead MoreHow Government Economic Policies Caused the Financial Crisis of 20081553 Words   |  7 Pagesfinancial crisis in 2008 that led to a crisis in the banking sector, and which nearly led to a complete collapse of the economy globally, was not only caused by changes in the regulatory, regulation and legislation oversight, but also fiscal and monetary policies. Many believe that, expansion of excesses monetary and irresponsibility of some of the government agencies led to the crisis. According to reports by Taylor (2009), excesses monetary policies were the main cause of the 2008 financial crisisRead MoreDemand Side Policies And The Great Recession1191 Words   |  5 Pages DEMAND-SIDE POLICIES AND THE GREAT RECESSION OF 2008 TIMOTHY W. AUSTIN AMU/APUS ECON102 MACROECONOMICS DR. FREDERIC BOUCHET MARCH 25, 2016 INTRODUCTION According to Investopedia, â€Å"a recession is a significant decline in activity across the economy, lasting longer than a few months.† Technically a recession is viewed and measured by evaluating and verifying negative growth in a nations’ Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for two successive quarters. A recession can be seen when there is a declineRead MoreTax Implications Of Bailout And Elections Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesTax Consequences of Economic Failures June 13, 2007 is the day that Richard C. Cook claims in his article, â€Å"It’s Official: The Crash of the U.S. Economy Has Begun.† In the past couple of years, months, and weeks, the United States economy and stock market showed significant failures and inefficiencies to the world. Perhaps the greatest evidence signaling the recent economic meltdown is the subprime mortgage problems that started a little over a year ago. The burst of the U.S. housing marketRead MoreThe Limitations of Monetary Policy Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pagesthe current economic climate, the Obama administration’s course of action has been to pursue aggressive countercyclical fiscal policies designed to prevent further economic deterioration. Critics of these policies argue that: 1. The current fiscal stimulus is ineffective and has done little to create new jobs at a significant cost. 2. Monetary policy is a more effective lever to reduce unemployment and smooth the business cycle, due to its shorter implementation lag and ability to act in small multiplesRead MoreU.s. Economic Stimulus Package843 Words   |  4 Pages U.S. Economic Stimulus Package Jason Leitch-Williams St. Gregory’s University U.S. Economic Stimulus The Great Recession has been one of the largest fiscal crises of the current generation and the economic downturn that resulted has been recorded as the longest and most severe since the Great Depression (The Impact of the Recovery Act on Economic Growth). Although the economy has reached a stage of recovery, the effects of the recession to real GDP can be seen in business cycleRead MoreRunning Head: Great Recession 1. Great Recession5. . .884 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: GREAT RECESSION 1 GREAT RECESSION 5 Great Recession Name Institution Great Recession There are times when a nation undergoes economic hardship for a long or short period of time. The recession is the term used by economists to define this period, it is a time when the nation?s economic GDP is low for more than two quarters consecutively (Beckworth, 2012). Recession often results in plunges in the stock market, unemployment, housing market, and a decrease in the quality

Development Communication Free Essays

I. Introduction Development communication is the use of communication to promote social development. It involves a planned transformation of an average community into a dynamic one. We will write a custom essay sample on Development Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now As such, a community plan is made to help people shape their cities, towns or villages. A community plan is essential because it encourages people to take a full and active role in advocating and implementing economic and social reform. In line with this, the author of this paper conducted a community research at Barangay 694, Malate, Manila City. Within the research is substantial information about the said community – such as ecological factors, historical development, life activities, complex of values, social groups, impact of the world outside, and local life. A proposal for a project plan was also made in order to help build a collective vision for the residents of Barangay 694 – specifically, a summer reading program. The summer reading program will benefit the less developed children of Barangay 693. In addition, it will also develop children’s potentials to be educated and literate adults. II. Community Identification Barangay 694 is located at Malate, Manila City. A part of District 6, it lies along Leon Guinto Street and is near places such as Taft Avenue, The Philippine Women’s University, Philippine Christian University, and the Pedro Gil and Quirino LRT stations. The aforementioned places also serve as primary landmarks of Barangay 694. Because of its strategic location near Taft Avenue, Barangay 694 can be aptly described as a middle-class area with several houses and apartment units for students enrolled at nearby universities. In addition, it is easily accessible by Roxas Boulevard, Quirino Avenue, and Taft Avenue. III. Ecological Frame 1. Geographical factors Barangay 694 is located at latitude 14. 573330 and longitude120. 990860. Its coordinates are 14 °34’24† North and 120 °59’26† East. It has a total land area of To its south is Pasay City; to its west, Manila Bay; to its north, Ermita; to its east, Paco and San Andres. 2. Climate and soil As part of Manila City, Barangay 694 features a tropical savanna climate that borders on tropical monsoon climate. Along with the rest of the Philippines, Barangay 694 lies within the tropics. The temperature range is very small, rarely going lower than 20 °C (100 °F) and going higher than 38 ° (100 °F). Humidity levels are usually very high which makes the place feel much warmer. It has a distinct dry season from late December to April and a relatively wet season that covers the remaining period. Typhoons can occur from June to September and can cause flooding in the area. 3. Service institutions Barangay 694 has several service institutions that responds to the residents’ needs. Its strategic location offers its residents convenience as they need no look further than the immediate vicinity to have access to hospitals, educational institutions, books, recreational areas, and government offices. Listed below are several establishments near Barangay 693: * HEALTH INSTITUTIONS * Ospital ng Maynila * RTM Satellite Clinic * Ruben C. Bartolome, M. D. Clinic * GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS * Department of Finance * Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas * RECREATIONAL AREAS * Rizal Memorial Sports Complex * Manila Zoological and Biological Gardens * Manila Baywalk Area 5. Government The current mayor for the 2010 – 2013 term is Alfredo Lim. Meanwhile, Isko Moreno is the city’s incumbent vice-mayor. Two more members of the Manila City Council are the Association of Barangay Captains and the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK). Barangay 694’s elected barangay officials have the responsibility of carrying out the following tasks: (1) formulating measures to eliminate the use of illegal drugs; (2) maintaining the cleanliness and beautification of the area; (3) promoting peace and order; (4) promoting the well-being of women in the community; (5) promoting youth rights; and (6) maintaining barangay-owned properties and infrastructures. Listed below are the currently elected Barangay 694 officials and brief descriptions of each office position: 1. PUNONG BARANGAY or BARANGAY CHAIRMAN Name: Is the executive head of Barangay 693 * Is in charge of development planning, basic services and facilities, compliance to directives, barangay legislation, and fiscal administration 2. BARANGAY SECRETARY Name: * Is liable for all of Barangay 694’s paper works * Takes down notes during all of the discussions and plans made in meetings * Reads and re-reads the reports he/she has made 3. BARANGAY TREASURER Name: * Is responsible for the funds of Barangay 694 – from properties budget, projects budgets, and salaries 4. SEVEN BARANGAY COUNCILORS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. All have specific tasks assigned to them by the Barangay Chairman – Must be in the barangay hall once a week to accommodate people coming to their office every now and then SK CHAIRMAN: IV. Historical Development 1. Origin During the Spanish colonial period, Malate was an open area with a small fishing village. When the Americans came to the country after a 333-year Spanish reign, American urban planners envisioned the development of Malate as the most sophisticated area for American families. Despite extensive damage after World War II, many homes and buildings survived the onslaught of the battle fought in the area. Wealthy families who evacuated their homes during the war returned. Along with their return, they re-built their properties and kept the areas around it exclusively residential. Among these residential areas was Barangay 694. A local resident living in the area for almost fifty years related that Barangay 694 has been a residential area since the post-Japanese period. In fact, even before Japanese colonization, several of her forebears have lived there. This is proof that Barangay 694 has been around for many years. 2. First Inhabitants During interviews, local residents were asked to name some of the first inhabitants of Barangay 694. The general response was a â€Å"no†. This answer is easily justifiable since the barangay has had such a long history and no one could really be certain of the first people who first inhabited the area. However, several residents know of families who had been living in the barangay for a long time. These families are almost considered as pioneers. As such, they are held in high regard. Among the well-known families in the area are the families of Magalon, San Pedro, Sevilla, Martinez, Andres, and Reyna. Most members of the said families hold positions in local offices – specifically, the Barangay Committee. This is a testament to the high social status they have established along the years. 3. Development The once-exclusive residential areas on the Western portion of Malate began to transform into a commercial area in the 1970s. Real estate boomed with large houses and apartments being built. Businesses also flourished as small hotels, restaurants, and cafes were established. During the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos, visual and performing artists found a haven in Malate in the 1980s and it became a bohemian enclave. . Progress at present Barangay 694, along with the rest of Malate, is continuously transforming itself as the center of recreation and entertainment in Manila with more restaurants, boutiques, bars, discos, and novelty stores opening for business. V. Life Activities 1. Social Structure: Social status of the residents Barangay 694 is a quiet middle-class area with several houses and apartments for students enrolled at nearby universities. Consequentially, the area is fairly tight-knit. At several community visits, the local residents displayed evident familiarity with those who live among them. In fact, it can be said that everyone knows everyone at Barangay 694. 2. Favorite pastime and recreation Because of well-maintained social ties, local residents enjoy doing recreational activities with their families, friends or neighbors. When asked what special activities they did during their pastime, respondents from the area said that they liked going to parks, playing bingo, organizing outings, visiting nearby malls, and perhaps, going out of town. Moreover, a typical Saturday and Sunday night for residents of Barangay 694 would consist of going to the church and, afterwards, watching late-night TV shows. Younger residents, meanwhile, said that they’d rather surf the Web, open their Facebook or Twitter accounts or play video games. 3. Groups and organizations The community has only one major organization, which is the local barangay council. Barangay 694’s elected barangay officials have the responsibility of carrying out the following tasks: (1) formulating measures to eliminate the use of illegal drugs; (2) maintaining the cleanliness and beautification of the area; (3) promoting peace and order; (4) promoting the well-being of omen in the community; (5) promoting youth rights; and (6) maintaining barangay-owned properties and infrastructures. VI. Complex of Values 1. Core values of the community, that is, those that are generally accepted in society Barangay 694, being a tight-knit community, generally accepts these four core values: honesty, cooperation, a sense of responsibility, and righteousness. These values are considered to be the key to creating harmonious rel ationships. Honesty came in first in the list as most local residents consider it to be the most valuable trait one can possess. A dishonest man will know and bring nothing but trouble,† says Ronaldo Dela Cruz, 56, a lifelong Barangay 694 resident. Meanwhile, cooperation is also a cherished value in the community. Because of its small population, Barangay 694 expects its residents to participate in community development projects such as street cleaning, tree planting, etc. The spirit of bayanihan ensures that ties among residents are rekindled and reinforced. Accompanying cooperation is a sense of responsibility. Community members should be self-aware. They must be able to look after themselves and perform their obligations as citizens of the Republic. Last but not the least is righteousness. As observed, Barangay 694 holds quite high moral standards. A local resident must be morally upright. He or she must be able to hold and maintain a good reputation. Otherwise, he or she would not be warmly welcomed into the community. 2. Aim values of the community, that is, those options that society allows its members Barangay 694 gives its residents the full freedom to make decisions they thing will best suit their wants and needs – so long as these decisions will not harm or offend other people. While many local residents are still quite conservative in that distinct Filipino way, they are quite open to progressive ideas like the implementation of the RH Law, K-12 education (while prevalent in other countries, K-12 education is still quite new to Filipinos), and the passing of Freedom of Information Bill. 3. Attitudes and sense of values Overall, Barangay 694 residents are upbeat, friendly, and warm people. They are generally well-mannered and will go out of their way to help others. They uphold traditional Filipino values and strive to uphold them in their daily lives. All of which makes Barangay 694 a very nice place to live in. VII. Impact of the world outside 1. Inflow of ideas, goods, special forms, moral codes, new modus vivendi et operandi from the outside world to the community Barangay 694 keeps abreast of the current happenings through various mediums. Among these mediums are newspapers, television, radio, and the Internet (particularly, social media). Local residents are well-informed and are keen to follow both national and international events. They are also aware of recent popular culture trends. How to cite Development Communication, Essay examples Development Communication Free Essays Using different techniques in advertising is one of the most commonly used principles by companies which intend to capture a wider market base. Apparently, having an attractive advertisement module can provide greater prospects in achieving higher returns of profit margin acquisition. The article in references is the news about Nokia and Siemens mergence. We will write a custom essay sample on Development Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now The two companies are practically well known in the industry of telecommunications and networking respectively. The article which was published by BBC was actually about the technical aspects of the integration. Basically, the mergence comprised of the equally established shares for both companies which agreed to have 50% each for the said integration structure. This will allow the two companies to have equal rights and profit acquisition for whatever transaction deals to be implemented in the future. Due to the partnership, experts were estimating for the companies to acquire at least 16 Billion Euros by the end of 2010. The basic reason for the merging of the Nokia and Siemens was extracted from the concept of increasing the Nokia’s capacity towards networking capabilities. Primarily, Nokia is a self sustaining company and in fact a leader in the telecommunication industry particularly in the division of mobile phones. However, this status is so demanding that it needed to invest more on networking facilities due to the increasing demands of mobile phone owners when it comes to portable and networked communication procedures. The reported deal was actually in terms of infrastructure and not about cell phone handsets (BBC 1). According to the article, one more offset for the mergence is to counter balance the possible influence of the merger of Alcatel and Lucent Technologies which primarily poses some levels of competition against Nokia. On a personal perspective, I have always positioned the company Nokia to be the pioneer in global mobile phone developments. Even though I am aware that emerging companies such as Motorola and Sony Ericsson are fast catching up in terms of innovation, I can still see Nokia to be at the forefront at least at the commercial segment of the race. According to Business Week, Nokia captured at least 40% of the overall global market share when it comes to mobile phone sales. This actual figure primarily makes the organization prominent and well performing when it comes to personal analysis. Given my impression of Nokia, the article somehow provided me another perspective towards the company’s actual development. Because of the mergence, I realized that it is not really independent when it comes to delegating success in the market. The story repositioned my thinking that there is no real company which can stand on its own and operate based solely on its traditional business principle. Nokia may seem to be a very good company in some aspects but actually it will still need some affiliations if it wants to diversify its market share, which is the case in partnering with Siemens for network development since Nokia can’t emerge in the IT market without a reliable network backbone. This prompted me to think that Nokia still needs to undergo large scale affiliations in order to sustain its development. Considering the article about the mergence of Nokia with Siemens, it seems that the news is more of a publication advertisement which promotes awareness. The people who are going to read the news will definitely acquire the fact that Nokia is actually undertaking plans to improve its services to the consumers. The article also intends to impart knowledge since it precisely informs the readers that the merger is not based on handset partnership but more on infrastructure. This is a good approach since Siemens also has its own line up of mobile phones and that the consumers my just expect to see what kinds of models the merger will offer to the market. How to cite Development Communication, Papers

Eating Disorders is a Male Disease Too Essay Example For Students

Eating Disorders is a Male Disease Too Essay Clinical picture in comparison to womenThe incidence of anorexia nervosa in males is generally agreed upon to be between 5% to 10% of all anorexia nervosa cases. (Crisp Burns, 1983) Studies show that there tends to be a predominance of the upper social class in cases of eating disorders with almost two thirds of the group from social classes I and II (Sharp, Clark, Dunan, Blackwood, Shapiro, 1994). High risk subgroups include jockeys, wrestlers, dancers, and entertainers required to lose weight to be successful (Andersen, 1986). Andersen (1986) also suggests that the incidence in male medical students is several times greater than that of the general male population. The DSM-IV criteria for anorexia nervosa include an intense fear of gaining weight, a distorted self-perception of body image, refusal to maintain normal body weight (less than 85% of expected weight) and three consecutive months of amenorrhea (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). The criterion of amenorrhea has been subject to much criticism for the creation of a gender bias in diagnosis of the disorder.Several suggestions have been proposed to eliminate this gender bias. Russell (as cited in Crisp Burns, 1983) solves the problem by altering the amenorrhea criterion to an endocrine disorder which manifests itself clinical in amenorrhea, or in the case of male subjects, a loss of sexual interest and lack of potency. On the other hand, some suggest that the criterion be eliminated completely due to the fact that the illness is no less severe in patients who meet all the diagnostic criteria with the exception of amenorrhea (Andersen Holman, 1987). The clinical picture of anorexia nervosa in males has been extensively researched and detailed. (Crisp Burns, 1983; Sharp et al., 1994). Crisp and Burns (1983) gave a preliminary description of the clinical features found in 36 male patients being studied at St. Georges Hospital in London. They noted clinical data at two stages, the first at onset and the second at presentation. Sharp et al. (1994) followed up with a longitudinal study of 25 male anorexia nervosa patients at the Royal Edinburgh Hospital. They compared the clinical details at presentation of the male subjects to a group of 25 anorectic females. In Crisp and Burns study (1983), the mean age at onset of anorexia nervosa was found to be 17 years and 2 months while the mean age at presentation was 20 years and 7 months. Sharp et al. (1994) presented similar statistics with a mean age at onset of 18.6 years and a mean age at presentation of 20.2 years. The female comparison group resulted in a mean age at onset of 17.5 years and a mean age at presentation of 19.8 years. The difference between the male a female groups is not statistically significant and similarity in this aspect can be concluded. However, comparison of mean duration of illness, 3.6 years (Crisp Burns, 1983) versus 1.6 years (Sharp et al., 1994), suggests that the increase in awareness has led to earlier recognition and consequent treatment of the disorder. The mean weight, measured as a percentage of the Matched Population Mean Weight (MPMW), was 101.3% MPMW at onset and 73.4% MPMW at presentation (Crisp Burns, 1983). However, Sharp et al. (1994) showed a 114.7% MPMW at onset for males and 107.6% MPMW for females which agrees with Andersens (1986) suggestion that prior to dieting males are more likely to be clinically overweight. In addition, they reported 78.5% MPMW at presentation for their male group and 72.4% MPMW for their female group. The difference at presentation is statistically insignificant and it is more meaningful to examine the difference in mean weight loss between the studies. Crisp and Burns (1983) calculated a mean weight loss of 32.5% MPMW, a lower percentage than found in female clients, and attributed to men having lower levels of fat to lose. Sharp et al. (1994) contradicted this finding showing a mean weight loss of 42% MPMW in males and 42.9% in females and speculated that this discrepancy might be attributed to males being premorbidly obese. Sexual Deviance EssayAndersen (1986) argued that being teased and criticized for lack of control in terms of obesity often led to dieting amongst males. He went on to state that alteration of body size and shape thereby improving self esteem is the strongest motivational factor for dieting exhibited by males. Other motivational factors suggested include a desire to become more attractive to the opposite sex, requests by superiors to lose weight in return for career advancement, medical reasons, and effort to deter the aging process. Important issues regarding eating disordersAre women at higher risk for eating disorders, and if so, why? This has been a subject of much debate. Scott (1986) proposed that fewer males are at risk for anorexia nervosa because of their age at onset of puberty. Females develop physically before they develop emotionally and the stress on them puts them at high risk. He also suggested that males possess another safeguard that places them a lower risk, the lack of a sociocultural emphasis on thinness. Bardwick and Garner et al. (as cited in Scott, 1986) added the suggestion that males lack the modern female versus traditional women conflict which may lead to the females obsessive control over eating behavior and weight as a coping mechanism. Several scholars have pondered the question of why few males are diagnosed with eating disorder cases. Scott (1986) cited four reasons for such. First, he suggested that clinicians saw very few instances of this disorder in males and therefore did not possess enough knowledge to make an accurate diagnosis. He mentioned Kesslers (as cited in Scott, 1986) idea that several clinicians sought the requirement of a notion of fear of oral impregnation before confirming a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa thereby excluding the male populations. He also suggested the exclusion of males by the diagnostic criteria of amenorrhea and lastly made note of the suggestion by Selveni (as cited in Scott, 1986) that eating behavior is secondary to other psychiatric disorders in male patients. There has also been the suggestion that male anorectics were masked by their athletic involvement (Crisps, Burns, Bhat, 1986). Sexuality of male patients has undergone much scrutiny. Crisp and Burns (1983) emphasized the relief and indifference to a decreased sexual drive felt by the male patients in contrast to the ambivalence toward menstruation by females. Two of their patients feared their homosexuality and diminished sexual interest eased their fears. Andersen (1986) suggested that adolescent males are limited in their sexual experience and which presents a source of distress.